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Glycosyltransferase, nucleic acid encoding the glycosyltransferase and method of testing canceration using the nucleic acid

Glycosyltransferase, nucleic acid encoding the glycosyltransferase and method of testing canceration using the nucleic acid description/claims

The present invention relates to a novel nucleic acid, the nucleic acid for testing canceration, and a method of testing the canceration of a biological sample based on a difference in the expression level of the nucleic acid in the biological sample; as well as, to a novel glycosyltransferase and a nucleic acid encoding the glycosyltransferase, and the like.

In recent years, attention has been given to the function of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in living bodies. For example, a determinant factor of a blood type is a glycoprotein, and one involved in the function of the nervous system is a glycolipid. Thus, an enzyme having the function of synthesizing an oligosaccharide is a crucially important key for analyzing physiological activities produced by various oligosaccharides.

A N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue (GlcNAc) and a D-galactose residue (Gal), and the like, in sugar are the components of glycosaminoglycan, while they are sugar residues present in various oligosaccharide structures such as sphingoglycolipids, mucin-type oligosaccharides, and asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (N-linked oligosaccharides). Thus, an enzyme transferring GlcNAc or Gal is a crucially important tool for analyzing the function of oligosaccharides that work in various tissues in living bodies.

For example, at least 20 types of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases having an activity of transferring GlcNAc have been known as shown in Table 1, each of which differs in acceptor substrate specificity (References 1 to 18).

On the other hand, oligosaccharide synthesis is known to be altered with great frequency in canceration and to be correlated with the metastasis and malignancy of cancer (References 30 to 32). Their comprehensive studies actively conducted today, for example, analysis such as expression profiling in a variety of tissues, are also directed to the elucidation of a canceration mechanism, and discussions have often been conducted on the possibility that the canceration mechanism is associated with the expression level of a particular gene. As well known, the test of tumor markers or the like in blood and the identification of the other gene products involved in canceration, and so on, have already been conducted as methods of cancer diagnostic tests. Tumor markers include many antibodies against oligosaccharides. Among others, immunoassay for oncogene products has often been adopted because of its advantage in high sensitivity.

TABLE 1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases and their substrate specificity

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